Multi-scale characteristics of magnesium potassium phosphate cement modified by metakaolin

Workability and early-ages mechanical properties are important indicators of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) as a repair material. The effect of metakaolin (MK) on the setting time, fluidity and early-ages strength of MKPC paste was studied, and its influence mechanism was analyzed through pore structure, microstructure and nanomechanical properties. The results show that 10% and 20% of MK prolong the setting time of MKPC paste, but excessive MK shortens the setting time of MKPC paste. Meanwhile, incorporating MK reduces the fluidity of MKPC paste, and the early-ages strength of MKPC specimens increases when the substitution ratio of MK is 10%. When 10% of MK is incorporated to the MKPC paste, the 30-d shrinkage of the sample is only 69% of the control group. Meanwhile, a proper amount of MK can improve the pore structure of the MKPC specimen and make its microstructure denser by generating amorphous aluminosilicate phosphate gel. It is observed from the nano-scale characteristics that incorporating 10% MK can reduce the content of pore phase and unreacted MgO phase, and increase the volume fraction of hydration products.     

Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays

Large-field optic flow generates the illusory percept of self-motion, termed ‘vection’. Smoother visual motion displays generate a more compelling subjective sense of vection and objective postural responses, as well as a greater sense of immersiveness for the user observing the visual display. Research suggests that the function linking frame rate and vection asymptotes at 60 frames per second (FPS), but previous studies have used only moderate frame rates that do not approach the limits of human perception. Here, we measure vection using subjective and objective (mean frequency and path length of postural centre-of-pressure (COP) excursions) responses following the presentation of high-contrast optic flow stimuli at slow and fast speeds and low and ultra-high frame rates. We achieve this using a novel rendering method implemented with a projector capable of sub-millisecond temporal resolution in order to simulate refresh rates ranging from very low (15 FPS) to ultra-high frame rates (480 FPS). The results suggest that subjective vection was experienced most strongly at 60 FPS. Below and above 60 FPS, subjective vection is generally weaker, shorter, and starts later, although this pattern varied slightly according to the speed of stimuli. For objective measures, while the frequency of postural sway was unaffected by frame rate, COP path length was greatest for 480 FPS stimuli. Together, our results support diminishing returns for vection above 60 FPS and provide insight into the use of high frame rate for enhancing the user experience in visual displays.     

Dynamic analysis and split range control for maximization of operating range of continuous microbial fuel cell

Human development is inherently connected with availability of water and energy. Energy production requires water, whereas water treatment needs energy. On the other hand, microbial fuel cell has capability to produce energy and water simultaneously from waste water or organic matter. In this paper, first principle-based model of variable volume microbial fuel cell is simulated. Hydraulic retention time is selected as the manipulated variable using the study of steady state and dynamic responses. Classical PI and model predictive control strategies are developed for controlling the produced power from the cell, and its performance is tested for servo problem. Settling time for positive and negative set points is found to be 126 and 889 h in case of classical PI and 120 and 750 h in case of linear MPC, respectively along with large increase (three times order of magnitude) in working volume for negative set point. These control challenges are overcome by using split range controller with variable and constant volume microbial fuel cells. The settling time for negative set point is found to be 49 and 21 h for classical PI and linear MPC schemes, respectively, which is significantly lower than using only variable volume microbial fuel cell. Also, there is no increase in the working volume of the constant volume microbial fuel cell. Hence, operating range of the microbial fuel cell is enhanced using split range controller.     

Three dimensional flow simulation over a sharp-crested V-Notch weir

Thin-plate weirs are widely used to monitor the flow rate in open channels. Thereby, three dimensional (3D) modeling of the flow over a weir in an open channel can be considered as one of the main topics in hydraulic science. In this study, the flow over a sharp-crested v-notch weir (SCVW) is simulated by a 3D numerical model. Laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor and measure the behavior of the SCVW in practice. Finally, the simulated velocity distributions, water surface profiles, and hydraulic jump were compared with those of the experimental data. Due to the turbulent nature of the flow over the SCVW, a Reynolds stress model (RSM) and three types of the k–ϵ turbulence models with the fractional volume of fluid technique (VOF) were used in the analysis. In this respect, the two-phase solution method and dense mesh were used in generating the simulation domain. Results indicated that the RSM exhibited higher accuracy in defining the velocity distribution, complex flow pattern, and predicting the hydraulic jump formation downstream of the SCVW.     

利用AutoCAD2000绘制三轴剪切线包络线图

介绍了利用AutoCAD2000绘制土工试验三轴剪切线包络线图的作业方法，并结合工程实例对作业过程中的窗口和菜单操作及参数设置等作了具体说明。     

钢渣集料的体积稳定性与工程应用前景

钢渣的化学成分和矿物组成与水泥熟料相似，具有一定的水硬活性，且其颗粒级配、压碎值、磨耗率等各项物理力学指标相当于或优于普通的花岗岩、玄武岩或石灰岩碎石和河砂，是天然碎石和砂的理想的替代品。但其潜在的体积不稳定性，已成为制约钢渣工程应用的瓶颈。根据国内外的研究现状，分析了导致钢渣体积膨胀的原因，介绍了几种减小体积膨胀危害的方法，最后展望了钢渣集料的工程应用前景。     

三维地矿工程体视化技术

描述了体视化技术的主要过程。对地矿工程的两种数据，即离散的钻孔采样数据和连续的工程布置几何模型数据．分别通过插值处理和体素化处理形成三维规则体数据场。最后，通过对体视化的各种算法和地矿工程数据的特点进行了剖析，给出了一种改进的光线投射法，并结合某一铁矿山的情况进行了模型验证。     

重介悬浮液固相体积浓度与选煤厂介耗关系探讨

文章分析了重介选煤工艺中，悬浮液固相体积浓度与介耗之间的关系。结果表明悬浮液固相体积浓度过高，流动性差，产品介耗就高。其实质是悬浮液粘度大、煤泥含量大、分流量不合适等造成的。了解悬浮液固相体积浓度是判断流动性和指导介质分流大小的依据。     

回忆.复兴.开拓--谈上海久百城市广场的落成

文章介绍作者对久百城市广场的建筑体会以及对久百城市广场在旧区复兴中关于记忆与开拓的思考。     

大气环境下核电站安全壳温度场的时程分析

在进行核电站安全壳结构的整体性能试验时,大气环境作用会干扰结构试验变位和应变的测试结果。为了了解环境影响的规律和幅度,从理论和试验验证上探讨了安全壳在大气环境下的温度场问题,建立了时程分析和估值的计算模式,研究了有关参数。编程计算结果与实测结果非常吻合。本研究对大型结构设计和探讨混凝土和砖混结构建筑顶层开裂的热作用规律也具有实际意义。